NBCOT OTR® Prep Online

A comprehensive, multi-item measure of functional balance during common tasks (including transfers such as sit-to-stand and maintaining standing) is best captured by the Berg Balance Scale , which samples multiple aspects of static and dynamic balance and provides a detailed baseline for treatment planning. The choice mentioning Timed Up and Go is a brief, timed functional mobility/fall-risk screen and is useful when a quick overall mobility measure is needed, but it provides less task-by-task detail about specific balance components during the transfer and immediate standing phase. The choice mentioning Mini-Mental State Examination assesses cognition rather than physical balance performance. The choice mentioning Sensory Profile focuses on sensory processing patterns, not standardized functional standing balance and transfer performance.

Dependent indicates the person completes less than 25% of the task independently (meaning they require more than 75% assistance from another person). Because the patient completes only about 15% of buttoning independently and needs frequent prompts and physical help, this matches the definition of dependent. The choice mentioning maximum assistance would fit a patient who completes about 25% to 49% of the task independently. The choice mentioning moderate assistance generally applies when the patient completes about 50% to 74% independently. The choice mentioning standby assistance refers to supervision or readiness to assist with little to no physical help, which is not consistent with frequent physical assistance.

Boutonnière (buttonhole) deformity presents with PIP flexion and DIP extension, classically associated with inflammatory arthritis due to central slip disruption and volar migration of the lateral bands. Swan-neck deformity is the opposite pattern at the PIP and DIP joints (PIP hyperextension with DIP flexion). Mallet finger primarily involves an inability to extend the DIP joint, producing DIP flexion rather than DIP extension. Ulnar drift refers to deviation of the fingers toward the ulnar side at the metacarpophalangeal joints and is not defined by the PIP/DIP flexion-extension pattern described.